roughness

英 [rʌfnəs]

美

n.  粗糙; 粗暴; 凹凸不平; 蓬乱

化学

BNC.21648 / COCA.21371

柯林斯词典

• ADJ-GRADED (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的
  If a surface isrough, it is uneven and not smooth.
  1. His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...
     由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
  2. Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.
     格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。
• ADJ-GRADED (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
  You say that people or their actions areroughwhen they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
  1. Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...
     即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。
  2. They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
     他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。
• ADJ-GRADED (地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的
  Arougharea, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
  1. It was quite a rough part of our town.
     这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。
• ADJ-GRADED (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的
  If you say that someone has had aroughtime, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
  1. All women have a rough time in our society...
     在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。
  2. Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.
     他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。
• ADJ-GRADED 身体不适的;不舒服的
  If you feelrough, you feel ill.
  1. The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.
     病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。
• ADJ-GRADED (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的
  Aroughcalculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
  1. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...
     我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。
  2. As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
     作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。
• ADJ-GRADED (想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的
  If you give someone aroughidea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
  1. I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...
     我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。
  2. It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.
     画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。
• ADJ-GRADED 做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的
  You can say that something isroughwhen it is not neat and well made.
  1. ...a rough wooden table.
     做工粗糙的木桌子
  2. ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.
     房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子
• ADJ-GRADED (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的
  If the sea or the weather at sea isrough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
  1. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.
     一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。
• ADV 风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地
  When people sleep or liverough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home.
  1. It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.
     我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。
• VERB 过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活
  If you have toroughit, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.
  1. You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.
     你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。
• rough justice→ see:justice

英英释义

noun

• harsh or severe speech or behavior
  1. men associate the roughness of nonstandard working-class speech with masculinity
  2. the roughness of her voice was a signal to keep quiet
• an unpolished unrefined quality
  1. the crudeness of frontier dwellings depressed her
  Synonym:crudeness
• a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven
  Synonym:raggedness
• the quality of being unpleasant (harsh or rough or grating) to the senses
  Synonym:harshness
• the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
  Synonym:pittingindentation
• rowdy behavior
  Synonym:rowdinessrowdyismdisorderliness
• used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather
  Synonym:choppinessrough water

双语例句

• Machinery and equipment testing includes the measurements of length, angle, roughness, geometry and mutual alignment.
  机械设备检测是对机械零件中包括长度、角度、粗糙度、几何形状和相互位置等尺寸的测量。
• The microhardness and surface roughness of specimens before and after shot peening was studied and analysed.
  分析研究了喷丸强化处理前后的显微硬度和表面粗糙度。
• Finally the relationship between nanotopography and silicon surface roughness was briefly introduced.
  最后简单介绍了纳米形貌和硅片表面微粗糙度之间的关系。
• A road surface roughness test system based on notebook computer is designed and realized in this paper.
  本文设计和实现了基于便携式计算机的车载激光路面平整度测试系统。
• Surface roughness had little effect on oil rejection.
  陶瓷膜表面粗糙度对油截留率基本没有影响；
• This roughness occurs on a small scale, involving grain boundaries and failure surfaces.
  小规模的粗糙度涉及到颗粒边缘和破坏表面。
• The shape coefficient and friction coefficient are used to reflect the characteristics of particle outline and surface roughness respectively.
  用形状系数与粒间摩擦因数分别反映颗粒的外轮廓特征和表面粗糙度。
• This is related not only to the wearability, the surface roughness and the oxidation resistance of coating but also to the hardness, the toughness and the bending strength of carbide alloy A.
  这既与涂层的耐磨性、表面粗糙度和抗氧化性能有关，也与硬质合金A的硬度、韧性和抗弯强度有关。
• Besides, the impact factor is influenced significantly by required time during braking and the roughness of pavement surface.
  路面的不平状况加剧了车辆制动作用时对桥梁冲击系数的影响。
• Coating with the underlying bond strength with the matrix on the cleanliness and roughness.
  涂层与基本的结合强度与基体清洁度和粗糙度有关。