tough

英 [tʌf]

美 [tʌf]

adj.  艰苦的; 艰难的; 棘手的; 严厉的; 强硬的; 无情的; 坚强的; 健壮的; 能吃苦耐劳的; 坚韧不拔的
n.  粗暴的人; 暴徒; 恶棍
v.  坚持; 忍受，忍耐
adv.  强硬地; 顽强地

比较级：tougher　最高级：toughest　复数：toughs　

高考CET4CET6考研TOEFLIELTSTEM4TEM8

Oxford 3000 / Collins.4 / BNC.2160 / COCA.1012

同义词辨析

difficultarduoushardtough【导航词义：困难的】

短语用例

tough sth↔out

• 坚持；挨过
  to stay firm and determined in a difficult situation

习惯用语

adj.

(as) tough as old boots(as) tough as nails
• 很强壮；坚韧不拔；雷打不动
  very strong and able to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations
• 铁石心肠；不为所动
  not feeling or showing any emotion
tough luck
• （表示同情）倒霉，不走运
  used to show sympathy for sth unfortunate that has happened to sb
• ‘I failed by one point.’ ‘That's tough luck.’
  “我差一分没及格。”“运气真不好。”
• （表面上同情）多么倒霉
  used to show that you do not feel sorry for sb who has a problem
• ‘If you take the car, I won't be able to go out.’ ‘Tough luck!’
  “如果你把车开走，我就出不去了。”“多倒霉啊！”
a hard/tough act to follow
• 令人望尘莫及的人
  a person who is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else coming after them to be as good or successful
when the going gets tough (the tough get going)
• 当条件变得艰苦时，当进展变得困难时（隐含有志者更勇往直前之意）
  when conditions or progress become difficult (strong and determined people work even harder to succeed)
hang tough
• 立场坚定；态度坚决
  to be determined and refuse to change your attitude or ideas
a hard/tough nut
• 难对付的人；难说服的人
  a person who is difficult to deal with or to influence
talk tough (on sth)
• 强硬地说；强烈地要求
  to tell people very strongly what you want

牛津词典

adj.

困难 difficult
• 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的
  having or causing problems or difficulties
  1. a tough childhood
     苦难的童年
  2. It was a tough decision to make.
     那是个很难作的决定。
  3. She's been having a tough time of it (= a lot of problems) lately.
     她最近的日子一直很难熬。
  4. He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far.
     他面临迄今为止对自己的领导工作最严峻的考验。
  5. It can be tough trying to juggle a career and a family.
     要事业家庭两不误，有时会很艰难。
严格；坚定 strict/firm
• 严厉的；强硬的；无情的
  demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause
  1. Don't be too tough on him─he was only trying to help.
     别对他要求过严，他只是想帮忙。
  2. It's about time teachers started to get tough with bullies.
     现在教师该对横行霸道的学生开始采取严厉措施了。
  3. The school takes a tough line on (= punishes severely) cheating.
     学校对作弊行为的惩罚很严厉。
强壮 strong
• 坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的
  strong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations
  1. a tough breed of cattle
     健壮型的牛
  2. He's not tough enough for a career in sales.
     他干推销这一行缺少足够的韧劲。
  3. She's a tough cookie/customer (= sb who knows what they want and is not easily influenced by other people) .
     她是个有主见的人。
• 彪悍的；粗暴的；粗野的
  physically strong and likely to be violent
  1. You think you're so tough, don't you?
     你以为自己够厉害的，是不是？
  2. He plays the tough guy in the movie.
     他在电影中扮演硬汉。
肉 meat
• 难切开的；嚼不烂的；老的
  difficult to cut or chew
不易损坏 not easily damaged
• 坚固的；不易切开（或打破、撕破等）的
  not easily cut, broken, torn, etc.
  1. a tough pair of shoes
     一双结实的鞋子
  2. The reptile's skin is tough and scaly.
     这种爬行动物的皮肤坚韧并带有鳞片。
不幸 unfortunate
• 不幸的；倒霉的
  unfortunate for sb in a way that seems unfair
  1. It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that.
     她就这样被队里刷了下来，真是倒霉。
  2. ‘I can't get it finished in time.’ ‘Tough! (= I don't feel sorry about it.) ’
     “我无法按时完成。”“活该倒霉！”

noun

• 粗暴的人；暴徒；恶棍
  a person who regularly uses violence against other people

verb

verb

柯林斯词典

• ADJ-GRADED 坚强的;吃苦耐劳的;坚韧不拔的
  Atoughperson is strong and determined, and can tolerate difficulty or suffering.
  1. He built up a reputation as a tough businessman...
     他树立了铁面生意人的名声。
  2. She is tough and ambitious.
     她坚韧顽强，满怀抱负。
• ADJ-GRADED 粗野的;粗暴的
  If you describe someone astough, you mean that they are rough and violent.
  1. He had shot three people dead earning himself a reputation as a tough guy.
     他因枪杀三人得到了暴徒的恶名。
  2. Atoughis a tough person.
     粗暴的人;暴徒;恶棍
  3. Three burly toughs elbowed their way to the front.
     三个膀粗腰圆的恶汉挤到了前面。
• ADJ-GRADED 治安很差的；充满犯罪与暴力的
  Atoughplace or area is considered to have a lot of crime and violence.
  1. She doesn't seem cut out for this tough neighbourhood...
     她似乎不适合在这个治安恶劣的社区生活。
  2. Arthur grew up in a tough city.
     阿瑟在一个到处是暴力与犯罪的城市长大。
• ADJ-GRADED 艰难的;困苦的;难熬的
  Atoughway of life or period of time is difficult or full of suffering.
  1. She had a pretty tough childhood…
     她的童年非常不幸。
  2. It's been a tough day…
     这是难熬的一天。
  3. He was having a really tough time at work.
     他当时工作上困难重重。
• ADJ-GRADED 棘手的;难办的;难解决的
  Atoughtask or problem is difficult to do or solve.
  1. It was a very tough decision but we feel we made the right one...
     这是个困难的决定，但是我们认为我们做出了正确的选择。
  2. Whoever wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet…
     不管是谁赢得选举都将面对复苏经济的棘手任务。
  3. It may be tough to raise cash…
     筹措现金可能不好办。
  4. Change is often tough to deal with.
     变化总是很难应对。
• ADJ-GRADED (政策或行动)强硬的，严厉的
  Toughpolicies or actions are strict and firm.
  1. He is known for taking a tough line on security...
     他因在安全问题上采取强硬路线而闻名。
  2. He announced tough measures to limit the money supply.
     他公布了限制货币供应的严厉措施。
• ADJ-GRADED 坚固的;坚韧的;牢固的
  Atoughsubstance is strong, and difficult to break, cut, or tear.
  1. In industry, diamond can form a tough, non-corrosive coating for tools.
     在工业上，金刚石可以用作工具表面坚固、耐腐蚀的覆盖层。
  2. …dark brown beans with a rather tough outer skin.
     有着相当坚韧外壳的深棕色豆类
• ADJ-GRADED (肉)非常老的，切不下的，嚼不动的
  Toughmeat is difficult to cut and chew.
  1. The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.
     牛排老得嚼不动，豌豆像子弹一样硬。
• PHRASE 不泄气;坚持不懈
  If someone who is trying to achieve somethinghangs tough, they remain determined and do not give up, even when there are difficulties or problems.
  1. The White House is hanging tough for a good agreement to be reached.
     白宫为达成一项有利协议寸步不让。
• atough row to hoe→ see:hoe

英英释义

noun

• a cruel and brutal fellow
  Synonym:bullyhooliganruffianroughneckrowdyyobyoboyobbo
• an aggressive and violent young criminal
  Synonym:hoodhoodlumgoonpunkthugtoughiestrong-armer
• someone who learned to fight in the streets rather than being formally trained in the sport of boxing
  Synonym:street fighter

adj

• feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad')
  1. my throat feels bad
  2. she felt bad all over
  3. he was feeling tough after a restless night
  Synonym:bad
• substantially made or constructed
  1. sturdy steel shelves
  2. sturdy canvas
  3. a tough all-weather fabric
  4. some plastics are as tough as metal
  Synonym:sturdy
• making great mental demands
  1. a baffling problem
  2. I faced the knotty problem of what to have for breakfast
  3. a problematic situation at home
  Synonym:bafflingelusiveknottyproblematicproblematical
• very difficult
  1. a rugged competitive examination
  2. the rugged conditions of frontier life
  3. the competition was tough
  4. it's a tough life
  5. it was a tough job
  Synonym:rugged
• unfortunate or hard to bear
  1. had hard luck
  2. a tough break
  Synonym:hard
• resistant to cutting or chewing
• physically toughened
  1. the tough bottoms of his feet
  Synonym:toughened
• not given to gentleness or sentimentality
  1. a tough character
• violent and lawless
  1. the more ruffianly element
  2. tough street gangs
  Synonym:ruffianly

双语例句

• He built up a reputation as a tough businessman
  他树立了铁面生意人的名声。
• I don't have any romantic notions about having a baby. It's a really tough job.
  我对生孩子并没有抱任何幻想。这的确是件很不容易的事情。
• It may be tough to raise cash
  筹措现金可能不好办。
• The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.
  牛排老得嚼不动，豌豆像子弹一样硬。
• He had shot three people dead earning himself a reputation as a tough guy.
  他因枪杀三人得到了暴徒的恶名。
• The tough new law should act as a deterrent.
  这项严厉的新法将起到威慑作用。
• He argued that the economic recovery had been facilitated by his tough stance.
  他认为他的强硬立场推动了经济的复苏。
• The president's tough line is, however, buttressed by a democratic mandate.
  然而，总统推行的强硬路线受到了民主党发布的训令的支持。
• He was having a really tough time at work.
  他当时工作上困难重重。
• dark brown beans with a rather tough outer skin.
  有着相当坚韧外壳的深棕色豆类